Modern-day hypnosis, however, started in the late 18th century and was made popular by Franz Mesmer, a German physician who became known as the father of 'modern hypnotism'. The earliest record of a description of a hypnotic state can be found in the writings of Avicenna, a Persian physician who wrote about "trance" in 1027. In many cultures and religions, it was regarded as a form of meditation. People have been entering into hypnotic-type trances for thousands of years. Main article: History of hypnosis Precursors Braid based his practice on that developed by Franz Mesmer and his followers (which was called "Mesmerism" or " animal magnetism"), but differed in his theory as to how the procedure worked. These words were popularised in English by the Scottish surgeon James Braid (to whom they are sometimes wrongly attributed) around 1841. The term hypnosis is derived from the ancient Greek ὑπνος hypnos, "sleep", and the suffix -ωσις - osis, or from ὑπνόω hypnoō, "put to sleep" ( stem of aorist hypnōs-) and the suffix - is. The words hypnosis and hypnotism both derive from the term neuro-hypnotism (nervous sleep), all of which were coined by Étienne Félix d'Henin de Cuvillers in the 1820s.
Research indicates that hypnotising an individual may aid the formation of false memories, and that hypnosis "does not help people recall events more accurately". The use of hypnosis as a form of therapy to retrieve and integrate early trauma is controversial within the scientific mainstream. Use of hypnosis for treatment of other problems has produced mixed results, such as with smoking cessation. Hypnosis-based therapies for the management of irritable bowel syndrome and menopause is supported by evidence. The use of hypnosis for therapeutic purposes is referred to as " hypnotherapy", while its use as a form of entertainment for an audience is known as " stage hypnosis," a form of mentalism.
Hypnotize people series#
Hypnosis usually begins with a hypnotic induction involving a series of preliminary instructions and suggestions. ĭuring hypnosis, a person is said to have heightened focus and concentration and an increased response to suggestions. In contrast, non-state theories see hypnosis as, variously, a type of placebo effect, a redefinition of an interaction with a therapist or a form of imaginative role enactment. Altered state theories see hypnosis as an altered state of mind or trance, marked by a level of awareness different from the ordinary state of consciousness. There are competing theories explaining hypnosis and related phenomena. Hypnosis is a human condition involving focused attention (the selective attention/selective inattention hypothesis, SASI), reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.
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